Background: Neonatal jaundice associated with ABO incompatibility can lead to serious complications if undiagnosed or not treated properly. Parental knowledge, practices, and attitudes play an essential role in early detection and safe treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, practices, and attitudes of Jordanian parents concerning neonatal jaundice associated with ABO incompatibility.

Study design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: This study was conducted with 536 participants using a reliable, valid online questionnaire. Knowledge, practice, and attitude were calculated and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests.

Results: The findings reported that the participants had moderate levels of knowledge (15.8 ± 2.6) and practice (18.8 ± 2.3), but high levels of attitudes (22.9 ± 1.6) toward neonatal jaundice associated with ABO incompatibility. Knowledge scores were higher among participants who had previously heard about ABO incompatibility and those with higher education. Practice scores were higher among females, parents with previous neonatal jaundice experience, and those who had previously heard about ABO incompatibility, while older participants reported slightly lower practice scores. Attitude scores were higher among females, parents with prior neonatal jaundice experience, and those who had previously heard about ABO incompatibility, with slight decreases among older participants and those with more children.

Conclusion: Jordanian parents showed a gap in knowledge and harmful practice regarding neonatal jaundice associated with ABO incompatibility. We need educational programs integrated into prenatal and postnatal care to address knowledge gaps, reduce harmful practices, and improve neonatal care.

Implication for nursing: adding effective educational programs to routine prenatal and postnatal care.