Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a common long-term complication of diabetes mellitus that can cause pain, sensory loss, foot ulceration, and disability. Preventive behaviors are essential to reduce these risks, yet many individuals with diabetes do not consistently practice appropriate self-care. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between information, motivation, behavioral skills, and peripheral neuropathy prevention behaviors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 196 patients with diabetes mellitus at the Tlogosari Wetan Public Health Center, Semarang, Indonesia, between September and October 2025. Data were collected using validated questionnaires and analyzed using Somers’ D test (p < 0.05). Results: Information (Somers’ D = 0.184; p = 0.002), motivation (Somers’ D = 0.311; p = 0.001), and behavioral skills (Somers’ D = 0.393; p = 0.001) were significantly but weakly associated with peripheral neuropathy prevention behaviors. Conclusions: Information, motivation, and behavioral skills were modestly associated with preventive behaviors. Implications for Nursing: The IMB Model may guide nurses in developing education and counseling interventions that strengthen patient knowledge, motivation, and self-care skills to support neuropathy prevention.