Jordan Journal of Nursing Research
Patient Safety Environment and Its Predictors among Health Care Providers in Health Centers in Mafraq Governorate

Authors:

Anas AL-Sqerat; Mohammad Suliman; Ma'en Aljezawi; Islam Oweidat; Mohammed ALBashtawy; Abdullah Alkhawaldeh;

Abstract:

Background: The implementation of Patient Safety Environments (PSE) in xxx remains limited. Purpose: This study assessed the level of PSE implementation among healthcare providers in healthcare centers. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used, with 430 healthcare providers recruited via convenience sampling. Data were collected using a validated World Health Organization–based PSE tool. Analyses included descriptive statistics, percentile classification, independent-samples t-tests, and multiple linear regression. Results: Overall PSE implementation was moderate (M = 57.24, SD = 5.49), with 27.4% of participants reporting low, 53.0% moderate, and 19.5% high implementation. Regression analysis (R = 0.620, R² = 0.384, p < 0.001) identified significant positive predictors of PSE scores: greater years of service, higher education, employment in comprehensive centers, staff sufficiency, and prior patient safety training. Heavy workload and rotational shifts were negative predictors. Independent-samples t-tests showed that comprehensive centers had significantly higher PSE scores than primary centers, t (428) = 3.18, p = .002, indicating a more favorable safety environment. Conclusion: PSE in xxx healthcare centers is moderately implemented, with notable variation across domains. Improvements in staffing, workload management, emergency preparedness, and targeted training are needed to strengthen patient safety outcomes, particularly in primary healthcare settings. Implications for Nursing: Moderate PSE implementation in xxx centers highlights the need for nurses to focus on staffing, workload, emergency preparedness, and targeted safety training to improve patient outcomes. Empowering nurses in primary care to report errors non-punitively and lead teamwork and communication initiatives is essential for fostering a culture of safety.

Keywords:

Patient safety, Primary healthcare, Predictors, Staffing, Quality of care, Comprehensive healthcare