Background: The rising misuse of dietary supplements and anabolic hormones among athletes is a growing global public health concern, with Egypt being no exception.

Aim: This study evaluated the effectiveness of nursing health education intervention in enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and safe practices among Egyptian athletes who use dietary supplements and anabolic hormones.

Methods: A quasi-experimental design was applied to 100 randomly selected athletes from licensed fitness clubs in Beni-Suef governorate, Egypt. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire covering demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and supplement use, alongside biochemical analyses of liver and kidney function.

Results: Biochemical findings indicated elevated health risks, with mean alkaline phosphatase at 139.4 ± 6.2 U/L, creatinine at 1.45 ± 0.15 mg/dL, and blood urea nitrogen at 23.5 ± 2.8 mg/dL—values exceeding reference ranges. Following the intervention, knowledge scores significantly improved (11.4 ± 1.3 to 17.1 ± 0.9; p < 0.0001), attitudes shifted positively (14.2 ± 2.1 to 23.3 ± 2.6; p < 0.001), and safe use practices increased significantly (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Targeted health education proved effective in improving Biochemical parameters, awareness, attitudes, and safer practices among athletes, while biochemical findings highlighted the urgent health risks associated with misuse.

Recommendations: Implementing and expanding similar educational programs nationwide, complemented by follow-up counseling, may help sustain behavioral change and promote athlete health and safety.